These are CNC machined pistons for internal combustion engines, hydraulic systems, and compressors. You get a true roundness of 0.002 mm, a bore tolerance of ±0.005 mm, and a surface finish of Ra 0.4
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- sc@bquq.com
These are CNC machined pistons for internal combustion engines, hydraulic systems, and compressors. You get a true roundness of 0.002 mm, a bore tolerance of ±0.005 mm, and a surface finish of Ra 0.4
These are CNC machined pistons for internal combustion engines, hydraulic systems, and compressors. You get a true roundness of 0.002 mm, a bore tolerance of ±0.005 mm, and a surface finish of Ra 0.4 µm straight off the machine. We ship first articles in 15 days, and we run 45 HRC hardened aluminum or steel blanks without distortion.
Piston skirts deform when you clamp them wrong. We use custom soft jaws with a 120-degree contact arc that grips the skirt OD while leaving the crown free. For thin-wall pistons (below 3 mm wall thickness), we switch to a vacuum chuck with a mandrel that supports the bore from inside. This eliminates the "potato chip" effect. We verify every part on a Talyrond 365 roundness machine — not a CMM. The Talyrond measures radial deviation in 0.001 mm increments, so we catch lobing before it leaves the shop.
We machine three piston families. For gasoline engines: 4032-T6 aluminum with 22% silicon content — this resists scuffing at 350°C. For diesel: 2618-T61 forged aluminum, which holds yield strength at 200°C. For hydraulic cylinders: 4140 steel hardened to 45–48 HRC, then centerless ground to g6 tolerance. We do not anneal before machining. Instead, we rough-cut, stress-relieve at 190°C for 4 hours, then finish. This keeps the bore geometry stable after your first engine fire-up.
Ring grooves are the hardest feature to hit. We rough-turn the groove with a 0.4 mm nose radius insert, then finish with a grooving tool ground to 0.15 mm radius. This yields a sidewall finish of Ra 0.8 µm and a root radius of 0.2 mm — critical for ring seating. The pin bore is not reamed. We bore it with a PCD insert at 3,500 RPM, then hone with a 600-grit diamond stone for 20 seconds. Final pin bore tolerance is H6 (+0.013 / 0), with a surface finish of Ra 0.2 µm. We measure pin bore with an air gauge — it reads to 0.001 mm without touching the part.
We offer three coatings depending on your duty cycle. Standard: hard anodize (50 µm) for aluminum pistons — this gives a 70 HRC equivalent surface. For high-boost turbo apps: we apply a dry film lubricant (Molykote D-321R) on the skirt, 10 µm thick, which reduces scuffing during cold starts. For steel pistons: we do a manganese phosphate conversion coating (MIL-DTL-16232) to retain oil film. We mask all sealing surfaces before coating. If you need thermal barrier coating on the crown, we outsource that to a partner and re-check the OD after coating — the thickness adds 0.05 mm, and we need to confirm your clearance stack still works.
Every batch gets a full dimensional layout on our Zeiss Contura CMM. We check 14 points on the skirt profile, 3 points per ring groove, and the pin bore diameter in two axes. We also run a 100% leak test on the oil return holes — we pressurize the internal gallery to 3 bar and watch for pressure drop over 30 seconds. For critical batches (over 500 pcs), we include a runout chart from the Talyrond with your packing list. Hardness is verified on a Rockwell tester on the crown — we reject anything below 42 HRC for steel, or below 100 HB for aluminum. We keep the inspection data on file for 10 years.
Most piston suppliers force a 500-piece minimum. We do not. Our standard MOQ is one piece. You send a drawing, we quote in 12 hours, and ship a single prototype in 15 days. For production runs (100–10,000 pcs), lead time is 21 days after your approval of the first article. We stock 2618 and 4032 aluminum bar in 6-meter lengths, so material delay is zero. If you need a rush, we can do 7-day delivery on a single piece — you pay a 20% expedite fee, but you get the part. We are a made in China factory, but our QC reports are in English and our team replies within 4 business hours (GMT+8).
Pistons with a length-to-diameter ratio above 1.5 are prone to chatter. We solve this with a tuned boring bar for the pin bore — it has a tuned mass damper inside that absorbs vibration at 1,200 Hz. For the OD, we use a wiper insert with a 0.8 mm nose radius and a lead angle of 95 degrees. We also balance the spindle at G2.5 to reduce forced vibration. If you have a very thin crown (below 2 mm), we machine the crown last, after the skirt and ring grooves are done. This way, the part is rigid for most of the cut, and the thin section is only exposed to a light finishing pass.
| Specification | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Material | 4032-T6, 2618-T61, 4140 steel | Other alloys on request |
| Diameter range | 20 mm – 200 mm | Larger: 2-piece design |
| Hardness (steel) | 45–48 HRC | After heat treatment |
| Hardness (aluminum) | 100–120 HB | T6 condition |
| Bore tolerance | ±0.005 mm | H6 on pin bore |
| Surface finish (OD) | Ra 0.4 µm | Wiper insert finish |
| Surface finish (pin bore) | Ra 0.2 µm | Honed |
| Roundness | 0.002 mm | Talyrond verified |
| Runout (crown to bore) | 0.01 mm | Total indicated runout |
| Lead time (prototype) | 15 days | Single piece, no MOQ |
| Lead time (production) | 21 days | After first article approval |
| MOQ | 1 piece | No MOQ for standard materials |
One piece. We machine a single prototype to your drawing, you test it, then we scale up. No MOQ for standard aluminum or steel alloys.
Yes — send us a sample and a coating spec (thickness, hardness, friction coefficient). We will reverse-engineer the coating and apply it to your parts, then verify with a salt-spray test if needed.
We cut the groove with a grooving tool ground to a 0.005 mm width tolerance, and we check it with a go/no-go pin gauge. For critical grooves, we use a laser micrometer that reads the width to 0.001 mm on every 10th part.
Seven days for a standard material (4032 or 2618) with no coating. You pay a 20% expedite fee, but the part ships with full inspection data. For steel pistons with heat treat, the fastest is 10 days.
Ready to order? Send your drawing to sc@bquq.com or WhatsApp +86 13713157787. We respond with a firm quote within 12 hours — no vague ranges, no hidden tooling fees. If you are still choosing a cutting tool for your own shop, see our CNC cutting tool selection guide. For tighter tolerances than what we listed, read our CNC machining tolerances guide to understand what is feasible. We are a precision manufacturing partner, not a job shop — we take responsibility for the final piston performance.
| Parameter | Capability |
|---|---|
| Materials | AL6061/7075, SUS303/304/316, 45# steel, T2 copper, H59 brass, POM, PEEK, nylon |
| Tolerance | ±0.005mm standard, ±0.003mm on request |
| Machines | 3/4/5-axis CNC, turn-mill, Swiss lathe |
| Surface | Anodizing, nickel, zinc, passivation, sandblast, polish |
| Size Range | Max 400 x 300 x 200 mm |
| Prototype | 72 hours, no MOQ on samples |
| Inspection | Full report per batch, CMM data on request |
